East imor

Resensi Jurnal
Oleh: Ana Ngatiyono S.Pd

Title :Indonesian Casualties In East Timor, 1975-1999:Analysis Of List
Author : Gerry Von Klinken
Journal : Indonesia , Number 80, Edition October 2005
Page : 109-123


Indonesian Casualties In East Timor, 1975-1999: Analysis of List
Demokratic East Timor is a small state in Australian North side and part of Timor island east. Besides this state region also cover Goat island or Atauo, Jaco, and Oecussi-Ambeno eksklave in West Timor. Before proclaiming as state independence at May 20, 2002 which is previous to be marked with opinion determination at 1999, During 20 year since year 1975 previous East Timor become Portugal country grabbed by Indonesia under New Order regime. During this 20 year of government finishing many fund to development in East Timor, despitefully during this two decade problems of collision and hardness to human right continue happened. In this Garry Von Klinken article study to regarding the amount of victim, good victim dying and also hurt victim from military and civil people in network occupying Indonesia in East Timor during 20 year. got data come from various its result him comparison, either from obtained from governmental version ( version and also military or from Timor East combatant alone.
Do not there are systematic and definitive data regarding victim fight in East Timor, this matter later; then become work all journalist for the expressing in newspaper. However since year 1990s a few openness in the effort solution concerning war in East Timor that is after Soeharto president and military leaders permit to be performed discussion concerning the problems. Abbatoir Santa Cruz is one of the most interesting study to be expressed to public. Incident Santa Cruz (also known as by Abbatoir Santa Cruz) is shooting of East Timor protest in Santa Cruz grave, Dili town mother at November,12, 1991. All protest, most student, performing their protest action to governance of Indonesia at obsequies their friend, Sebastião Gomes, picked off by Indonesia team one month previously. All student have anticipated parliament delegation arrival from Portugal, what still confessed by PBB legally as Timor East administration power. This plan canceled by after Jakarta objection because attending of Jill Joleffe as that delegation member. Joleffe is a Australian journalist which looked into support movement independence “Fretilin”. In funeral procession, all student perform banner for the self determination of independence and, presenting leader picture independence of Xanan Gusmao. At the time of the procession enter grave, Indonesia team start to shoot. From people who demonstrate in grave, 271 defeated, 382 injuring, and 250 disappearing. But many all pensioned officer because informing boldness about East Timor. Mean while General Murdani as one who run duty in East Timor advise about data which detail regarding commissioned army in East Timor by then. There are also many journalist laying open Dili abbatoir event 1975 by holding an interview with anonymous army which have conducting abbatoir and impinge human right in East Timor. But in the year 1999 after performed by opinion determination referendum and result East Timor chosen to secede from Indonesia felt very disappointed to all veteran fight because have many soul sacrificed to grab East Timor to Indonesia. All that felt cannot pay 3.700 dead Indonesia army and 2.400 suffering bodily injury.
When bloody tragedy in East Timor end in victim thousands of soul from Indonesia side (TNI), later then RI armed forces build a monument in Jakarta by the name of Seroja monument. This Monument of allotment do not openly for public society and only allotment to all family and victim every day warrior namely every November, 10. In the monument depicted from the aspect of look into military, Indonesian nation struggle grab East Timor and United States role in giving aid to RI in order to freeing East Timor from communism danger and its result can terminate terrorizing from Fretlin. One other depicted in relief is death from Lt. Nainggolan and trapped St. Trimakno and murdered by Faintil ( Military Iiberation of East Timor), differing from GAM, Faintil not many killing individually.
Remarkable matter which there are from Seroja monument to load data which its contents mourn requirement an military regime in this case Soeharto regime with diplomatic requirement in order to denying the operation mentioned as an collision action to human right. To get complete data regarding Seroja we earn to access with http://www website. Seejarahni.Mil.Id / index.php?cid : 1756. In it contain to regarding name, unity, date of death from all army and police dying in the effort grabbing East Timor . among others St Trimakno and Lt Naingolan.
Amount of monument at Monument Seroja is 3.804 which consist of 2.277 police and army and 1.527 from Timor East civil society. But their unclear death do by resulted because accident and or because becoming victim at the time of RI army struggle to grab Timor East in the year 1975. In 1993 General Muradani confess that taking place 247 encounter come up with year 1979 which by estimated the amount of victim both for bodily injury and also die from civil and also military amount to 25.000 until 30.000.
Later from submitted data via website will arise new question do data which accurate in it because only informing that victim die from military circle only 2.277. And data 1527 Timor East citizen dying do clear as warrior dying in the effort Iiberation of East Timor or die because other reason. All these Matter unclear him. But Megawati president open monument in the year 2003 explaining that East Timor citizen dying encounter effect in East Timor most is Ratih, Militia, Milsas, Wanra, Kamra. From the victim units semi from victim die is Militia (Wamil). Meanwhile, to look for accurate data regarding the amount of all East Timor victim can use the amount of military service card had every team in concerned in encounter. After identified by the amount of from military service card owner is 2.089. This compared to slimmer amount of data which there are in Seroja monument that is 2.277. This matter of showing that amount of victim in irregular East Timor tragedy.
If using harsh number comparison in order to searching the amount of hurt victim hence can be used comparison 3:1 namely every 3 people injure surely there is one who die. From way of this in getting possibility of sore victim amount to 10.800. this Amount much more big from released data is TNI that is 2400 people. People who injure and become veteran fight by government made room in Seroja complex in Jakarta town .
Other data express that is half the than victim dying to be resulted by encounter between Armed Forces Timor East (Falintil) maintain East Timor with Armed Forces Republic Of Indonesia. But victim immediately decrease when Falintil can be paralysed in Matibean mount in the 1998s. Hereinafter many death from East Timor combatant and civil citizen because of hunger effect of war.
Hardness that happened in East Timor East in the year 1990an have never decreased, but this matter don’t make military image decline because them still has image either due can defeat Falintil in the 1988s so that make situation a few is normal. At this decade, ever greater police role in taking care of East Timor security, so that no wonder if victim a lot fall from police units. The example in the year 1997 Falintil moment trap truck entourage bringing 31 police to protect general election to win Functional group party (Golkar), their thrown by grenade causing 16 police and 1 army defeated.
Other victim also come from unity of Petty officer ( NCOs) which is on year 1990s becoming many victim resulted to give battle with all combatant Iiberation of East Timor . Estimated almost 45 % officer ( NCOs) die as victim in East Timor. But this data not yet real correct of course because possible many mistake at adapted for archives power desire during 30th. Become during 15th conflict East Timor can be collected counted 580 amount of encounter causing death. its Big event in East Timor which causing many victim that is accident of estimated by patrol helipcopter effect of good weather so that defeat 10 body including is Major Yudomo, 4 colonel, and 5 lieutenant colonel. From this accident add unity becoming fatal death victim become to amount to 238 units.
Concept look for victim with concept look for per this unity can be told not too precise because half to almost totalize from team is battalion. This list also there are three brigade which consist of three battalion. East Timor armed strength which based on practice shoot more than two decade. More than that, strength organization change over at that time. Nevertheless, larger ones unit in long list of amounting to 238 fair so that easily can be recognized and stabilize. One hundred ten, or half almost, is Battalion. Open Vehicle Basin place totally of Battalion in Armed forces Indonesia 1995 a number of 137 units. Uncertainty of Commemoration above, looking because about 80 percentage of all natural Battalion Indonesia one or more accident in the East Timor. From this method is got that amount of victim die almost semi happened in the year 1975-1978. And victim dying many there are from Kostrad and Kopassus, biggest loss that is experienced of by kopassus because during year 1975 have loss 37 battalion units. Kostrad Battalion, 502 people lose during fifteen until twenty five year during a period of occupying. Some Kostrad Battalion hang on to coattail rear, both having bearing totally death in encounter. Other unit which also a lot victim becoming die devoted East Timor combatant at Indonesia. This Battalion joined in infantry with battalion category 744 ( Dili) and 745 ( Lospalos). Conflict not merely happened in big town but also happened in ground storey until storey countryside so that cause kodim 1628 and 1629, in Baucau and Lospalos run duty to give battle during 11 times by successively during year 1990an.
Clearly, don’t be elaborated by struggle with hundreds of death in single tragedy. Because Indonesia, most of war, even before November 1978, is an operation counterinsurgency, classifying like its intensity conflict lower. Even at assault early to the Dili at December,7 1975, if we earn this number trust regarding missing victim, from 140 the people disseminate in 40 unit. There are also other evidence which express that during period 1975-1999 victim dying [in] tired Timor East 3.600 people. Estimated also, 40 percentage of the amount of data dying still is unclear.
Seen from amount of victim, good of victim die and also East Timor bodily injury represent arena most bloody in the history of Indonesia Indonesian history and bloody event Indonesian nation expectation as in East Timor don’t recurred again. Particularly again after at September’4, 1999 Secretary General PBB kofi Anam announce result of referendum East Timor and its result 79% rightful claimant resident chosen to want to independence to get out of Indonesia, 21% will remain to be part of Indonesia with wide of status. This result make stare entire Indonesian nation and Habibie regime start is blaming each other one another. This ironic fact really because fought for area is Indonesian nation during almost 20th start from grabbing till development with thousands of nation patriot become victim in the reality is easily discharged by Indonesian nation